癌胚抗原及粘液组织化学在胃癌中表达的研究

对60例胃癌进行了粘液组织化学和癌胚抗原免疫组织化学研究。结果表明:胃癌发病率肠型和胃肠混合型占多数。60例胃癌中含大肠型粘液者占50例,而单纯含胃型粘液为极少数。癌胚抗原分布方式,肠型胃癌与胃肠混合型胃癌比较无显著差异性(P>0.05)。癌胚抗原的阳性率,胃肠混合型胃癌高于肠型胃癌,两者之间有非常显著差别(P<0.01)。认为选用能显示硫粘蛋白和氧乙酰基唾液酸粘蛋白的粘液组织化学方法,作为胃癌组织分型和确定胃粘膜肠化性质,对癌前病变诊断有一定价值。     

气道粘液、粘蛋白及其分泌调节

Mucus secreted mainly by epithelial goblet cells and submucosal glands coveting the respi-ratory tract plays an important role in the protection from external aggressions, such as solid particles,pathogens and chemical agents by mucocilialy clearance, The viscoelastic properties of mucus are mainly deter-mined by the presence of extensively - glycosylated high molecular weight mucins. A lot of factors influence the expression and secretion of mucins in airway, lead to mucus overproduction, which is a distinguishing feature of chronic obstructive pulmonaly disease (COPD) and causes disruption of the mucocilialy clearance function,resulting in airway block, chronic infection and death.     

大黄防治实验性胃粘膜损伤机理分析

本工作通过观察测定胃酸分泌,胃排空运动和胃壁粘液分泌的变化,初步探讨了中药大黄水浸煎剂对乙醇和消炎痛造成胃粘膜损伤的防治机理。结果表明:中药大黄可抑制胃排空速度,促进胃壁粘液分泌,并能预防乙醇和消炎痛造成的胃粘膜损伤,治疗乙醇造成的胃粘膜损伤。提示:中药大黄防治胃粘膜损伤机理与抑制胃酸分泌、抑制胃排空和促进胃壁粘液分泌有关。     

气道局部治疗对气道黏液高分泌干预作用的对比研究

目的探讨常用局部治疗性药物对慢性气道黏液高分泌作用的机制和特点。方法用超声雾化吸入中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶(NE)复制慢性支气管炎动物模型,分别吸入糖皮质激素布地奈德(budesonide)、胆碱M受体阻断剂异丙托溴铵以及两者配伍联用进行干预,用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)及斑点印迹法分别检测大鼠支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中黏蛋白(MUC)的含量和MUC5ACmRNA表达水平。结果NE能显著增加气道MUC和MUC5ACmRNA的表达(P<0.01);普米克令舒和异丙托溴铵均可降低MUC和MUC5ACmRNA的表达(P<0.05),两者联用可增强抑制黏蛋白的效应(P<0.01)。结论NE是慢性气道黏液高分泌发生的重要因素;布地奈德和异丙托溴铵可抑制MUC基因及转录水平的表达,且两者联用有协同效应。     

Pharmacotherapy of Zollinger–Ellison syndrome

Introduction: The role of pharmacotherapy in the management of patients with Zollinger–Ellison syndrome (ZES) is often equated with the medical management of acid hypersecretion. However, pharmacotherapy is also increasingly involved in the other management areas of these patients.

Areas covered: This paper reviews the role of pharmacotherapy in all aspects of the management of patients with ZES. Newer aspects are emphasized. This includes the difficulty of diagnosing ZES in patients taking proton pump inhibitors. Also covered is the role of pharmacotherapy in controlling acid hypersecretion and other hormonal hypersecretory states these patients may develop, including hyperparathyroidism in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 and ZES; tumor localization; and the treatment of advanced metastatic disease. The last includes chemotherapy, liver-directed therapies, biotherapy (somatostatin/interferon), peptide radio-receptor therapy and molecular-targeted therapies including the use of mTor inhibitors (everolimus) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (sunitinib).

Expert opinion: Pharmacotherapy is now involved in all aspects of the management of patients with ZES, with the result that ZES has progressed from being considered an entirely surgical disease initially to the present where medical treatment plays a major role in almost all aspects of the management of these patients.     

Treatment strategies for Zollinger–Ellison syndrome

Background: Zollinger–Ellison syndrome (ZES) is a rare disorder caused by tumor secretion of the hormone gastrin, which results in gastric acid hypersecretion and secondarily complicated peptic ulcer and diarrhea. Until the development of H₂-receptor antagonists and later proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), the disease was virulent, often associated with ulcer-related mortality, and the mainstay of treatment was total gastrectomy. Objective: To evaluate current approaches to diagnosis and therapy, focusing on the role of PPIs. Methods: An extensive literature search through PubMed using the search term ‘Zollinger–Ellison syndrome’ from 1964 to the present was performed. Primary articles were identified, and pertinent articles obtained from the reference lists were also examined. Results/conclusions: The clinical manifestations of ZES are well described, but overlaps with other more common disorders delay diagnosis. The use of abdominal imaging with somatostatin receptor scintigraphy and endoscopic ultrasound has improved tumor staging. PPI therapy is remarkably effective in controlling gastric acid hypersecretion, thereby reducing morbidity and potential mortality of this syndrome. The dose of drug necessary to control symptoms is highly variable but, even when used in high doses for prolonged periods of time, the disease remained controlled with very few drug-related side effects.     

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??Airway mucus hypersecretion is an important feature of chronic respiratory diseases. Viral infection is a common factor inducing airway mucus hypersecretion. Understanding the relationship between the viral infection and airway mucus hypersecretion and mechanism is very important to preventing and reducing airway mucus hypersecretion??decreasing the mortality of chronic respiratory diseases. The increase of MUC5AC expression is the major pathological basis of airway mucus hypersecretion??so it is necessary to discuss the signal transduction pathway of MUC5AC secretion caused by common respiratory virus infection.     

厄多司坦对老年支气管扩张症及黏液分泌过多的疗效分析

目的：探讨厄多司坦治疗患有支气管扩张症及黏液分泌过多的临床效果分析。方法：抽取80例在本院就诊的患有支气管扩张症及黏液分泌过多的老年患者,将其随机分为A、B两组各40例。A组患者采用胸部物理治疗;B组患者在A组基础上采用厄多司坦进行治疗。结果：两组患者在治疗后的VAS评分、MP、MVP、呼吸肌力、用力肺活量、第1秒用力呼气量均较治疗前有明显的改善,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;B组患者上述指标的改善程度明显高于A组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：采用厄多司坦对患有支气管扩张症及黏液分泌过多的老年患者进行治疗的临床效果十分明显,不会造成特殊的严重的并发症和不良反应现象,可以做为今后临床对该类患者进行治疗的首选方法,值得进一步使用和推广。     

前列腺源性ETS因子在哮喘及鼻黏膜炎性疾病中的研究进展

含SAM尖端结构域的E26转化特异性因子(SPDEF)是ETS转录因子家族的最新成员之一, SPDEF又称为前列腺源性ETS因子(PDEF),首次发现其在前列腺癌中高度表达,参与肿瘤细胞的增殖分化、迁移凋亡和血管形成。近年来研究发现SPDEF与杯状细胞增生和分化密切相关,是调控呼吸道黏液高分泌的核心因子。对SPDEF调控黏液高分泌的机制及其在呼吸道慢性炎性疾病中的研究进展做一综述,以期为呼吸道黏液高分泌疾病的发病机制和诊治提供新思路。